担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Scientific Societies  

The production of wine grapes is gaining widespread popularity and being carried out on approximately 2,200 hectares of land in Japan. Scions grafted onto rootstocks generally have been imported from the EU, USA, New Zealand, and Australia into Japan. Unfortunately, viruses have spread in Japanese vineyards by slipping through the net of plant quarantine. Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV), which was detected in a Greek grapevine accessions, is a member of genus Marafivirus in family Tymoviridae (El Beaino et al. 2001). GRVFV has been detected in many countries such as USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Uruguay, and Pakistan (Jo et al. 2015; Eichmeier et al. 2016; Xiao and Meng 2016; Blouin and MacDiarmid 2017; Reynard et al. 2017; Cho et al. 2018; Mahmood et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2020). Herein we report GRVFV infection in Vitis vinifera L. grapevines from Japan. In February 2021, dormant canes from 18 V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon with leafroll-like disease symptoms, growing in a vineyard located in Kanagawa Prefecture, were collected. No typical vein banding symptom by GRVFV were observed in the grapevines during the growing season. Total RNA was isolated from the canes using an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit and QIAshredder (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), and subjected to cDNA synthesis using a PrimeScript 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan). RT-PCR was performed with GRVFV_6156F and GRVFV_6600R primers for GRVFV detection (Reynard et al. 2017). The expected 445 nucleotides (nt) amplification product was obtained from four of 18 grapevines. Sequence analysis of the products revealed 91% identities to corresponding sequences of GRVFV isolates CHASS (KY513702) and Mauzac (KY513701) from Switzerland. Genome walking to determine the whole-genome sequence of the GRVFV isolates from the four grapevines was performed. Briefly, the upstream and downstream of the 445 nt amplification product were amplified from first-strand cDNA using gene-specific primers designed from the product and CHASS-specific primers. Each amplified fragment was Sanger sequenced. Next, gene-specific primers were designed to obtain the complete genome of GRVFV as 13 overlapping DNA fragments from each of the four grapevine samples. An identical complete genome of 6,704 bp was assembled from the overlapping DNA fragments using MEGA 10 software and named as NA1 isolate (DDBJ accession no. LC619667). Phylogenetic analysis of the NA1 genome and corresponding sequences of GRVFV from other countries showed that NA1 formed a cluster with isolate NZ ChTK0004 from New Zealand (MF000326; Supplementary Figure 1). In pairwise comparisons, the complete NA1 genome was most identical at 88% and 87%, respectively to isolates NZ ChTK0004 and Mauzac. The predicted amino acid sequences of NA1 polyprotein shared high homologies (96%) to the corresponding polyprotein sequences of NZ ChTK0004 and Mauzac, suggesting that NA1 is genetically similar to GRVFV isolates from New Zealand and Switzerland. The NA1-infected Cabernet Sauvignon was co-infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, Grapevine virus A, and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus according to RT-PCR assay for grapevine virus detection (Nakaune and Nakano 2006). The results underscore the importance of intensifying quarantine measures to prevent introduction of exotic viruses via contaminated wine grape vegetative cuttings.

DOI： 10.1094/pdis-05-21-0936-pdn

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語  

Global warming has resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation in berry skin. Sound stimulation can be used as a potential method for enhancing fruit color development since many plants recognize sound vibration as an external stimulus and alter their physiological status in response to it. Sound stimulation (sine wave sound at 1000 Hz) enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells and berry skins in field-grown grapevines at the early stage of ripening. The transcription of UFGT and ACO2, which encode the key enzymes in anthocyanin and ethylene biosynthesis, respectively, was upregulated in grape cultured cells exposed to sound stimulation. In contrast, the transcription of MybA1 and NCED1, which encode a transcription factor for UFGT and a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, was not affected by the sound stimulation. A treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride, revered the enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation by sound stimulation. As the promoter assay using a GUS reporter gene demonstrated that UFGT promoter was directly activated by the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon, which enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells, we conclude that sound stimulation enhanced anthocyanin accumulation through the direct upregulation of UFGT by ethylene biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that sound stimulation contributes to alleviating poor coloration in berry skin as a novel and innovative practical technique in viticulture.

DOI： 10.3390/cells10102799

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語  

As the use of chemical fungicides has raised environmental concerns, biological control agents have attracted interest as an alternative to chemical fungicides for plant-disease control. In this study, we attempted to explore biological control agents for three fungal phytopathogens causing downy mildew, gray mold, and ripe rot in grapevines, which are derived from shoot xylem of grapevines. KOF112, which was isolated from the Japanese indigenous wine grape Vitis sp. cv. Koshu, inhibited mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Phytophthora infestans. The KOF112-inhibited mycelial tips were swollen or ruptured, suggesting that KOF112 produces antifungal substances. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that KOF112 is a strain of Bacillus velezensis. Comparative genome analysis indicated significant differences in the synthesis of non-ribosomal synthesized antimicrobial peptides and polyketides between KOF112 and the antagonistic B. velezensis FZB42. KOF112 showed biocontrol activities against gray mold caused by B. cinerea, anthracnose by C. gloeosporioides, and downy mildew by Plasmopara viticola. In the KOF112–P. viticola interaction, KOF112 inhibited zoospore release from P. viticola zoosporangia but not zoospore germination. In addition, KOF112 drastically upregulated the expression of genes encoding class IV chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in grape leaves, suggesting that KOF112 also works as a biotic elicitor in grapevine. Because it is considered that endophytic KOF112 can colonize well in and/or on grapevine, KOF112 may contribute to pest-management strategies in viticulture and potentially reduce the frequency of chemical fungicide application.

DOI： 10.3390/plants10091815

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

Concern over environmental pollution generated by chemical fungicides has led to the introduction of alternative pest management strategies to chemical fungicide application. One of those strategies is the induction of plant defense response by an abiotic elicitor. In the present study, field-grown grapevines were subjected to electrical stimulation using a solar panel from two weeks before flowering to harvest in the 2016 and 2020 growing seasons. In both years, electrical stimulation decreased the incidence of gray mold and/or ripe rot on bunches and downy mildew on leaves of the field-grown grapevine. Transcription of a gene encoding β-1,3-glucanase but not class IV chitinase in leaves of potted grapevine seedlings was upregulated 20 days after electrical stimulation, suggesting that electrical stimulation acts as an abiotic elicitor of plant defense response to fungal diseases. The gene expression of PR1 but not PDF1.2 was upregulated in Arabidopsis plants subjected to electrical stimulation. On the other hand, PR1 gene expression was not induced in salicylic acid (SA)-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant npr1-5 subjected to electrical stimulation. Taken together, electrical stimulation is responsible for plant defense response through the SA-dependent defense pathway. These findings would help us develop a novel and innovative practical technique that uses electrical stimulation in integrated pest management.

DOI： 10.3390/plants10071316

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.17221/92/2020-pps

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

In grapes, the number of flowers per inflorescence determines the compactness of grape bunches. Grape cultivars with tight bunches and thin-skinned berries easily undergo berry splitting, especially in growing areas with heavy rainfall during the grapevine growing season, such as Japan. We report herein that grape cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 5 (VvCKX5) determines the number of berries per inflorescence in grapes. The number of berries per bunch was inversely proportional to the VvCKX5 expression level in juvenile inflorescences among the cultivars tested. VvCKX5 overexpression drastically decreased the number of flower buds per inflorescence in Arabidopsis plants, suggesting that VvCKX5 might be one of the negative regulators of the number of flowers per inflorescence in grapes. Similarly, the overexpression of grape sister of ramose 3 (VvSRA), which encodes trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of trehalose-6-phosphate into trehalose, upregulated AtCKX7 expression in Arabidopsis plants, leading to a decrease in the number of flower buds per Arabidopsis inflorescence. VvCKX5 gene expression was upregulated in grapevine cultured cells and juvenile grape inflorescences treated with trehalose. Finally, injecting trehalose into swelling buds nearing bud break using a microsyringe decreased the number of berries per bunch by half. VvCKX5 overexpression in Arabidopsis plants had no effect on the number of secondary inflorescences from the main inflorescence, and similarly trehalose did not affect pedicel branching on grapevine inflorescences, suggesting that VvCKX5, as well as VvSRA-mediated trehalose metabolism, regulates flower formation but not inflorescence branching. These findings may provide new information on the crosstalk between VvSRA-mediated trehalose metabolism and VvCKX-mediated cytokinin degradation for determining the number of berries per bunch. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of innovative cultivation techniques for loosening tight bunches.

DOI： 10.3390/cells9112378

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Informa UK Limited  

Trichoderma has been used as a biological control agent against grey mould in major crops because of its large variety of antagonistic mechanisms. In the present study, Trichoderma sp. SANA20 was isolated from Japanese apricot bark as a biological control agent for grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea. SANA20 suppressed B. cinerea hyphal growth but did not show mycoparasitism on media using the dual culture technique. SANA20 decreased B. cinerea induced grey mould disease severity in cucumber leaves. The biocontrol activity of SANA20 culture media toward B. cinerea induced grey mould disease suggested that the antagonistic activity of SANA20 toward B. cinerea was dependent on substances secreted by SANA20. SANA20 produced and secreted chitinase, which can degrade fungal cell wall, in culture media. Purified chitinase from SANA20 culture media also decreased the severity of grey mould in cucumber leaves, suggesting that chitinase production by SANA20 played a critical role in the biological control of B. cinerea. SANA20 is expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management strategies for combating B. cinerea and to potentially suppress the heavy use of chemical fungicides in the field.

DOI： 10.1080/23312025.2020.1747903

記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.17221/53/2018-pps

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

ブドウべと病の発生はブドウの品質や収穫量に大きく影響する。化学合成農薬のQoI剤はブドウの成長初期段階においてブドウべと病を防除するために世界レベルで広く使用されてきたが,QoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌の発生により使用が制限されている。我が国でも2009年にQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌が検出され,北海道を除いてQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌が蔓延していることが報告された。本研究では,QoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌の発生,伝播および感染拡大を考察するために,これまでにQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌が検出されていない北海道を試験地としてQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌の発生調査を行った。2008年から2016年の9年間において,QoI剤をこれまで一度も散布したことのないB園ではQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌は検出されなかった。一方,2004年と2009年に1度ずつ,そして2014年からは年2度ずつQoI剤を散布したA園では,2014年に131株中30株がQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌であると診断された。その後,A園では2015年に採集した260株中20株が,2016年に採集した106株中22株がQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌であった。以上の結果から,通年複数回のQoI散布はQoI剤耐性ブドウべと病菌の選択圧となるが,単年度1回のQoI剤散布は選択圧とならないことが示唆された。

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is an indigenous cultivar in Japan and has several characteristics that distinguish it from European V. vinifera. In Japan, Koshu is the most popular cultivar for wine making. We report herein a cell culture established from Koshu for use as a system for the production of resveratrol and its derivatives. Grape cell culture YU-1 was developed from the apex tissues of Koshu. YU-1 growth was favorably compared with BY-2 growth, a standard cell line in plant cell biology. Stilbene production and stilbene synthesis gene expression in YU-1 were upregulated by UV-C irradiation. YU-1 irradiated with UV-C decreased hemolymph sugar levels in model animals. Taken together, this study suggests that YU-1 may be used as a source of valuable medicinal components in plant cell bioreactor systems.

DOI： 10.1007/s10616-018-0203-y

Web of Science

その他リンク： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10616-018-0203-y.pdf

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

Plants are known to utilize electrical signals under several physiological conditions and electrical stimulation from the outside induces physiological changes in plants. In this study, to improve grape berry composition in field-grown grapevines, electrical stimulation of grapevine using solar panels was undertaken as an abiotic stress generator in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Electrical stimulation had a notable effect on grapevine growth and development as well as photosynthetic performance. Berry weight and tartaric acid and total phenolic contents in berries of grapevines exposed to electrical stimulation were similar among the grapevines tested. Brix in berries of grapevines exposed to electrical stimulation and electrode-treated grapevines was higher than that in control grapevines in both years. Electrical stimulation increased anthocyanin and resveratrol contents in berries of grapevines in both years relative to those of control grapevines and electrode-treated grapevines. The alteration of Brix and anthocyanin and resveratrol contents in berries was supported by the results of microarray analysis demonstrating the transcriptional upregulation of genes related to sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, stilbenoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape cells exposed to electrical stimulation. Taken together, the results suggested that electrical stimulation of grapevine enhanced anthocyanin and resveratrol biosynthesis by activating their biosynthetic pathways.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.09.005

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

BACKGROUNDVine growers are faced with the difficult problem of how to control grape ripe rot disease in vineyards because of fear of accumulation of pesticide residues on grape berries near harvest. Biological control is an alternative non-hazardous technique to control the diseases.
RESULTSApplication of resveratrol-synthesis-promoting bacterium, Bacillus cereus strain NRKT, reduced the incidence of grape ripe rot disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a vineyard. The application of NRKT to berry bunches upregulated the gene expression of stilbene synthase, a key enzyme for resveratrol synthesis in berry skins, thereby promoting resveratrol synthesis in berry skins.
CONCLUSIONThe potential use of NRKT in vineyards is expected to contribute to the increase in resveratrol content in berry skins, thereby protecting grape berries against fungal diseases. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

DOI： 10.1002/ps.4283

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

Organic agriculture does not rely on synthetic chemical fungicides. An alternative pest management strategy to chemical fungicides is the use of bioactive natural compounds. Hordenine [4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)] is a phenethylamine alkaloid found in barley. Although hordenine has various pharmacological effects, including antibiotic activity against microorganisms, no studies have been carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of hordenine on phytopathogenic fungal infection in host plants. Both grape downy mildew and strawberry anthracnose were suppressed by hordenine treatment. Hordenine had no effect on mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi, whereas plant defense response through the jasmonate-dependent defense pathway was enhanced in hordenine-treated plants. The concern over environmental pollution has led to the introduction of new pesticides, including bioactive natural compound based pesticide. Hordenine may be used in organic agriculture as an innovative elicitor of plant defense response to downy mildew and anthracnose.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pmpp.2016.10.003

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Iturin A is the most well studied antifungal cyclic lipopeptide produced by Bacillus species that are frequently utilized as biological control agents. Iturin A not only shows strong antifungal activity against phytopathogens but also induces defense response in plants, thereby reducing plant disease severity. Here we report the defense signaling pathways triggered by iturin A in Arabidopsis salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA)-insensitive mutants. Iturin A activated the transcription of defense genes PR1 and PDF1.2 through the SA and JA signaling pathways, respectively. The role of iturin A as an elicitor was dependent on the cyclization of the seven amino acids and/or the beta-hydroxy fatty acid chain. The iturin A derivative peptide, NH2-(L-Asn)-(D-Tyr)-(D-Asn)-(L-Gln)-(L-Pro)-(D-Asn)-(L-Ser)-COOH, completely suppressed PR1 and PDF1.2 gene expression in wild Arabidopsis plants. The identification of target molecules binding to iturin A and its derivative peptide is expected to shed new light on defense response in plants through the SA and JA signaling pathways. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.143

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

BACKGROUNDAn in-depth understanding of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI)-fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea isolates in a vineyard is expected to contribute to the development of an optimum disease management programme for the control of grape grey mould.
RESULTSThe resistance and structure of the cytochrome b gene in B. cinerea collected from a Japanese vineyard were characterised. The semi-quantitative allele-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assay developed in the present study was able to distinguish heteroplasmic status from homoplasmic status at codon 143 of the cytochrome b gene in QoI-fungicide-resistant B. cinerea from vineyards in Japan. With this assay it was demonstrated that the repeated introduction of QoI fungicide selection pressure increased the ratio of G143A-mutated cytochrome b genes in B. cinerea isolates.
CONCLUSIONIt is proposed that the semi-quantitative AS-PCR assay is a reliable tool for the detection of QoI fungicide resistance and the evaluation of homoplasmic/heteroplasmic status at codon 143 of the cytochrome b gene in B. cinerea isolates. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry

DOI： 10.1002/ps.3867

Web of Science

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Scientific Societies  

The use of the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide mandipropamid to manage grapevine downy mildew in vineyards in Japan has been increasing since 2010, because of widespread quinone outside inhibitor fungicide resistance in the Plasmopara viticola population. However, CAA fungicide resistance in P. viticola is becoming a serious problem worldwide. In 2013, we monitored for the presence of a single point mutation at codon 1105 of the cellulose synthase gene PvCesA3, which confers resistance to mandipropamid in P. viticola samples collected from four vineyards in Yamanashi prefecture in Japan. Five out of 157 samples were found to be heterozygotes, carrying both the mutated and nonmutated PvCesA3 alleles. Although CAA fungicide-resistant P. viticola isolates have not been reported yet in Japan, the emergence of heterozygous P. viticola populations indicates the potential risk of emergence of resistant homozygotes.

Accepted for publication 14 March 2015. Published 1 May 2015

DOI： 10.1094/php-rs-14-0041

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

Plants are constantly under attack from a variety of microorganisms, and rely on a series of complex detection and response systems to protect themselves from infection. Here, we found that a by-product of glutamate fermentation triggered defense responses in grapevine, increasing the expression of defense response genes in cultured cells, foliar chitinase activity, and resistance to infection by downy mildew in leaf explants. To identify the molecule that triggered this innate immunity, we fractionated and purified candidates extracted from Corynebacterium glutamicum, a bacterium used in the production of amino acids by fermentation. Using hydrolysis by lysozyme, a silkworm larva plasma detection system, and gel filtration analysis, we identified peptidoglycan as inducing the defense responses. Peptidoglycans of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus also generated similar defensive responses.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0113340

Web of Science

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

BACKGROUND: DNA-based diagnosis has become a common tool for the evaluation of fungicide resistance in obligate phytopathogenic fungus Plasmopara viticola. RESULTS: A multiplex allele-specific primer PCR assay has been developed for the rapid detection of fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations. With this assay, a glycine-to-alanine substitution at codon 143 of the P. viticola cytochrome b gene, which conferred QoI fungicide resistance, and a glycine-to-serine substitution at codon 1105 of the P. viticola cellulose synthase gene PvCesA3, which conferred CAA fungicide resistance, were detected simultaneously. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the present assay is a reliable tool for the rapid and simultaneous detection of QoI and CAA fungicide resistance alleles in P. viticola populations. The assay required only 2 h from the sampling of symptoms to the detection of resistance alleles to both fungicides. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

DOI： 10.1002/ps.3384

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

The population genetic structure of in Japan was analyzed using grapevine downy mildew specimens collected from two islands, Honshu and Hokkaido. By simple sequence repeat analysis with the GOB microsatellite marker and DNA sequencing, an accurate copy number of the (CT) (CTAT) repeat was determined. Consequently, we found a large number of genetic variations in (CT) and (CTAT) repeats. Also, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the (CTAT) repeat of the GOB locus was detected. These genetic variations may serve as a valuable tool to understand the population structure of .

DOI： 10.1007/s10327-012-0368-8

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S13-3 was isolated from soil as a biological control agent for anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In vitro bioassay demonstrated that S13-3 suppressed C. gloeosporioides mycelial growth. The biocontrol activity of S13-3 toward grape ripe rot caused by C. gloeosporioides was confirmed in a vineyard. S13-3 also reduced the severity of strawberry anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides on detached strawberry leaves. The finding that S13-3 showed tolerance to some chemical pesticides and copper suggested that S13-3 could be applied before and/or after chemical pesticide or Bordeaux mixture treatment in the field. S13-3 possesses ituD and lpa-14 genes, both of which play a role in iturin A production, in its genome and expressed their transcripts during culture. Iturin A production by S13-3 was detected in the culture medium and its concentration was 0.064 mg/mL in the medium after culture for 6 days, suggesting that the antagonistic activity of S13-3 toward C. gloeosporioides may depend on iturin A production. Due to the inhibitory effects of S13-3 on anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides, S13-3 is expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems against C. gloeosporioides, and to potentially reduce the amounts of chemical fungicides used in the field.

DOI： 10.1080/09583157.2012.679644

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：（MISC）研究発表要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE  

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of carboxylic acid amide (CAA)-fungicide-resistant Plasmopara viticola populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew worldwide.
RESULTS: The authors have developed a method, which utilises PCR-RFLP, for the rapid detection of resistance to the CAA fungicide mandipropamid in P. viticola populations. With this method, a glycine-to-serine substitution at codon 1105 of the cellulose synthase gene PvCesA3 of CAA-fungicide-resistant P. viticola was easily detected, although no resistant P. viticola was detected from 398 isolates in Japan.
CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the PCR-RFLP method is a reliable tool for the rapid detection of CAA-fungicide-resistant P. viticola isolates. Only 4 h was required from the sampling of symptoms to the phenotyping of fungicide resistance. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

DOI： 10.1002/ps.2214

Web of Science

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Bacillus subtilis KS1 was isolated from grape berry skin as a biological control agent against grapevine fungal diseases. KS1 was identified as a new strain of B. subtilis according to morphological, biochemical, and genetic analyses. In vitro bioassay demonstrated that KS1 suppressed the growth of Botrytis cinerea (the casual agent of grape grey mold) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (the casual agent of grape ripe rot). The biocontrol activity of KS1 against grapevine fungal diseases in vineyards was evaluated over a 3-year span (from 2007 to 2009). Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, was reduced on berry skins and leaves by treatment with KS1. The KS1 genome possesses ituD and lpa-14 genes, both of which play a role in iturin A production followed by iturin A production in the culture. In contrast, mutants lacking both genes lost the antagonistic activity against B. cinerea and C. gloeosporioides and the activity in iturin A production, suggesting that the antagonistic activity of KS1 against grapevine fungal pathogens may depend on iturin A production. As KS1 showed tolerance to various chemical pesticides, chemical pesticides could be applied before and/or after KS1 treatment in vineyards. Due to its potential as a biological control agent against grape downy mildew, KS1 is expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems and to potentially reduce the amount of chemical fungicides applied in vineyards.

DOI： 10.1080/09583157.2011.574208

Web of Science