Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}  

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-020-14935-4

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

<title>Abstract</title>Recording from single neurons in the brain for long periods of time has been a central goal in both basic neuroscience and translational neurology, in order to understand mechanisms underlying brain processes such as learning and to understand the pathogenesis of neurodynamic disease states ¹. Recent advances in materials engineering, digital signal acquisition, and analysis algorithms have brought us closer to achieving this goal, and the possibility has gathered much public attention ^2,3. However, it remains a challenge to record from the same units for weeks to months. Here, we record many high-quality tetrode neuronal signals reliably over long periods of time in both deep and superficial areas of the brain. We achieve this by combining electrochemical roughening and carbon nanotube coating of a flexible platinum/iridium substrate, with materials, packaging, and insertion optimized to minimize tip movement with brain pulsation. This “Magdeburger” probe enables recordings with long-term signal stability and high signal-to-noise ratio at a reasonable cost in both rodent brains and in substantially larger primate brains. Robust tetrode tracking of identified neurons over longer time periods, in multiple independently targeted areas of the brain, will allow fundamental advances in the study of cognitive learning, aging, and pathogenesis, and opens new possibilities for brain interfaces in humans.

DOI： 10.1101/738245

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Optogenetics is one of the most important techniques in neurophysiology, with potential clinical applications. However, the strong light needed may cause harmful temperature rises. So far, there are no methods to reliably estimate brain heating and safe limits in actual optogenetic experiments. We used thermal imaging to directly measure such temperature rises at the surface of live mouse brains during laser illumination with wavelengths and intensities typical for optogenetics. We then modeled the temperature rise with a simple logarithmic model. Our results indicate that previous finite-element models can underestimate temperature increases by an order of magnitude. We validate our empirical model by predicting the temperature rise caused by pulsed stimulation paradigms. These predictions fit closely to the empirical data and constitute a better estimate of real temperature increases. Additionally, we provide a web-based app for easy calculation that can be used as a tool for safe design of optogenetic experiments.

DOI： 10.1117/1.nph.3.4.045007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Neuronal populations with unbalanced inhibition can generate interictal spikes (ISs), where each IS starts from a small initiation site and then spreads activation across a larger area. We used in vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging to map the initiation site of ISs in rat visual cortex disinhibited by epidural application of bicuculline methiodide. Immediately after the application of bicuculline, the IS initiation sites were widely distributed over the entire disinhibited area. After ∼ 10 min, a small number of sites became "dominant" and initiated the majority of the ISs throughout the course of imaging. Such domination also occurred in cortical slices, which lack long-range connections between the cortex and subcortical structures. This domination of IS initiation sites may allow timing-related plasticity mechanisms to provide a spatial organization where connections projecting outward from the dominant initiation site become strengthened. Understanding the spatiotemporal organization of IS initiation sites may contribute to our understanding of epileptogenesis in its very early stages, because a dominant IS initiation site with strengthened outward connectivity may ultimately develop into a seizure focus.

DOI： 10.1152/jn.00471.2014

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.04.022

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are an electroencephalographic pattern recorded in the setting of a variety of brain abnormalities. It is best recognized for its association with acute viral encephalitis, stroke, tumor, or latestatus epilepticus. However, there are other conditions that have been recognized as the underlying pathology for PLEDs such as alcohol withdrawal, Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease, anoxic brain injury, and hemiplegic migraine. However, there are only rare case reports of PLEDs in patients with neurosyphilis. Here, we report 2 patients presenting with encephalopathy and seizures with PLEDs, ipsilateral or contralateral to their main brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities. Further workup revealed neurosyphilis in both patients, one in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Given the increasing incidence of neurosyphilis with or without HIV infection, these cases suggest neurosyphilis as a consideration in the differential for patients presenting with PLEDs.

DOI： 10.1177/1550059414552704

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1550059414552704

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>
<sec>
<title>Background</title>
Propagating waves of excitation have been observed extensively in the neocortex, during both spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity, and they play a critical role in spatially organizing information processing. However, the state-dependence of these spatiotemporal propagation patterns is largely unexplored. In this report, we use voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the rat visual cortex to study the propagation of spontaneous population activity in two discrete cortical states induced by urethane anesthesia.


</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
While laminar current source density patterns of spontaneous population events in these two states indicate a considerable degree of similarity in laminar networks, lateral propagation in the more active desynchronized state is approximately 20% faster than in the slower synchronized state. Furthermore, trajectories of wave propagation exhibit a strong anisotropy, but the preferred direction is different depending on cortical state.


</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
Our results show that horizontal wave propagation of spontaneous neural activity is largely dependent on the global activity states of local cortical circuits.


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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2202-14-78

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0063631

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Language：English  

DOI： 10.48550/arXiv.1212.5843

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.062

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.05.023

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

DOI： 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182107ba1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0004041

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.11.069

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.016

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Physiological Society  

We describe methods to achieve high sensitivity in voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging from rat barrel and visual cortices in vivo with the use of a blue dye RH1691 and a high dynamic range imaging device (photodiode array). With an improved staining protocol and an off-line procedure to remove pulsation artifact, the sensitivity of VSD recording is comparable with that of local field potential recording from the same location. With this sensitivity, one can record from ∼500 individual detectors, each covering an area of cortical tissue 160 μm in diameter (total imaging field ∼4 mm in diameter) and a temporal resolution of 1,600 frames/s, without multiple-trial averaging. We can record 80–100 trials of intermittent 10-s trials from each imaging field before the VSD signal reduces to one half of its initial amplitude because of bleaching and wash-out. Taken together, the methods described in this report provide a useful tool for visualizing evoked and spontaneous waves from rodent cortex.

DOI： 10.1152/jn.01169.2006

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1074/jbc.M507454200

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Physiological Society  

Distinct α subunit subtypes in the molecular assembly of GABA_Areceptors are a critical determinant of the functional properties of inhibitory synapses and their modulation by a range of pharmacological agents. We investigated the contribution of these subunits to the developmental changes of inhibitory synapses in cerebellar granule neurons in primary cultures from wild-type and α1 subunit −/− mice. The decay time of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) halved between 6 days in vitro (DIV6) and DIV12. This was paralleled by the decrease of α2 and α3 subunits, the increase of α1 and α6 subunits expression at synapses, and changes in the action of selective α subunit modulators. A small but significant shortening of mIPSCs was observed with development in cells from −/− mice together with a decrease in the expression of α3 subunit. In contrast, the expression of α2 subunit at inhibitory synapses in −/− cells was significantly higher than in +/+ cells at DIV11-12. α5 subunit was not detected, and increased sensitivity to a selective α4/α6 subunit agonist suggests increased expression of extrasynaptic receptors in −/− mice. β2/β3 subunit expression and loreclezole sensitivity increased with development in +/+ but not in −/− cells, supporting the preferential association of the α1 with the β2 subunit. Synaptic charge transfer strongly decreased with development but was not different between cells in the +/+ and −/− groups until DIV11-12. Our results uncover a pattern of sequential expression of α subunits underlying the changes in functional efficacy of GABAergic networks with development.

DOI： 10.1152/jn.00243.2004

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

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File： 0627Poster_0617.pdf

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Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium workshop panel(nominated)  

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Language：German  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation(general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation(general)  

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Application no：特願2021-183136  Date applied：2020

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